Análise ultraestrutural do colágeno de feridas cutâneas de coelhos tratadas com plasma rico em plaquetas de equino / Ultrastructural analysis of the collagen of rabbit skin wounds treated with platelet-rich equine plasma

O colágeno é sintetizado e segregado no espaço extracelular e organizados em fibrilas estriadas de acordo com o tipo de tecido. Utilizaram-se 24 coelhos brancos da raça Nova Zelândia, com idade de 12 meses e com 3,0kg de peso corporal, para avaliar a porcentagem de colágeno das feridas cutâneas tratadas com plasma rico em plaquetas de equino e pomada contendo gentamicina, sulfanilamida, sulfadiazina, ureia e vitamina A. Os animais foram separados em quatro grupos de igual número e submetidos à remoção de pele na região das linhas médias dorsal torácica (feridas tratadas) e lombar (feridas controle). As feridas torácicas foram tratadas com plasma rico em plaqueta de equino e pomada contendo gentamicina, sulfanilamida, sulfadiazina, ureia e vitamina A, e as do grupo controle somente com a pomada. Dos animais do grupo I, foi coletado tecido cutâneo, para a avaliação histológica e a ultraestrutural, com três dias de pós-operatório; dos animais do grupo II, com sete dias; do grupo III, com 14 dias; e do grupo IV, com 21 dias. Decorrido o período de avaliação de cada grupo, foi coletado fragmento de pele para avaliação da porcentagem de colágeno, bem como do diâmetro e da densidade da fibrila de colágeno por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O tratamento com PRP de equino associado à aplicação tópica da pomada mostrou-se eficaz na maturação das fibrilas colágenas e na antecipação do processo cicatricial.(AU)

Collagen is synthesized and secreted into the extracellular space and organized into striated fibrils according to the tissue type. This study evaluated the concentration of collagen in rabbit skin wounds treated with equine platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and ointment containing gentamicin, sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, urea, and vitamin A. Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits aged 2 to 12 months and weighing 3.0kg were included. The animals were allocated equally into four groups and the skin was removed from the thoracic dorsal midline (treated wound) and lumbar (control wound) regions. The thoracic wounds were treated with equine PRP and ointment containing gentamicin, sulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, urea, and vitamin A, and the control group was treated with the ointment alone. For histological and ultrastructural assessment, cutaneous tissue was collected on postoperative days 3 (group I), 7 (group II), 14 (group III), and 21 (group IV). After the evaluation period, in each group, a skin fragment was collected for analysis of the collagen concentration, as well as the collagen fibril diameter and density by transmission electron microscopy. The results indicated that treatment with equine PRP combined with topical application of the ointment was effective in facilitating the maturation of collagen fibrils and the wound healing process.(AU)

Preparation and characterization of biopolymeric nanoparticles used in drug delivery.

Nanotechnology plays an important role in advanced biology and medicine research particularly in the development of potential site-specific delivery systems with lower drug toxicity and greater efficiency. These include microcapsules, liposomes, polymeric microspheres, microemulsions, polymer micelles, hydrogels, solid nanoparticles etc. In the present study, preparation and characterization of biopolymeric gelatin nanoparticles for encapsulating the antimicrobial drug sulfadiazine and its in vivo drug release in phosphate buffer saline (PBS) have been investigated. The nanoparticles prepared by second desolvation process varied in a size range 200 nm and 600 nm with a drug entrapment efficiency of 50% characterized by atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The drug release from the nanoparticles occurred up to 30% in a controlled manner.

Accidental scrotal burns from paraquat while handling a patient.

The main risk of paraquat poisoning is from deliberate ingestion. Serious accidental or occupational poisoning is comparatively rare. We report two patients who had accidental exposure to paraquat, resulting in scrotal burns in both and systemic poisoning in one, while attending to a patient who had ingested paraquat for deliberate self harm.

Farmacodermia associada a reações sistêmicas em um cão Pinscher Miniatura medicado com a associação de trimetoprim e sulfadiazina / Pharmacodermia Associated with Systemic Reactions in a Pinscher Dog Treated with Sulfadiazine-trimethoprim / Farmacodermía Asociada a Reacciones Sistémicas en un Perro Pinscher Miniatura Medicado con Asociación de Trimetoprin y Sulfadiazina

Este artigo visa relatar um caso de farmacodermia em um cão da raça Pinscher Miniatura, fêmea de cinco meses de idade. O animal apresentou apatia, anorexia, ceratoconjuntivite seca, hipertermia, desidratação e uma extensa e dolorosa dermatite ulcerativa desde a região cervical até a região lombar. Verificou-se que o animal havia sido medicado com a associação de trimetoprim e sulfadiazina. A dose utilizada do antibiótico era maior que a dose recomendada. Dentre as alterações laboratoriais encontradas observou-se necrose em toda a espessura da epiderme e derme. Apesar da terapia preconizada houve uma rápida deterioração do estado geral do animal, evoluindo para óbito. Para optar-se por uma antibioticoterapia mais segura, deve-se considerar os relatos prévios de reações a fármacos associadas a algumas raças e, além disso, estar atentos à dose terapêutica e à pesagem correta do animal.

ABSTRACT: This article aims in presenting a pharmacodermia case in a fi ve-month-old female Pinscher dog. The animal has shown apathy, anorexia, dry keratoconjunctivitis, and dehydration, extensive and very painful ulcerating dermatitis since the cervical region until the lumbar region. It has been verifi ed that the animal had been treated with trimethoprim-sulfadiazine association. The antibiotic dose used was bigger than the recommended one. Histopathology analysis showed epidermis and dermis necrosis. Despite of the previous therapy, there was a fast deterioration of the general state of the animal ending up to death. To determine a safer antibiotic therapy the veterinarians might consider the previous resumes of the reactions of drugs associated to some races, besides, they have to be aware of the correct dose and the animal's correct weight.

RESUMEN: Este artículo visa relatar un caso de farmacodermía en un perro de la raza Pinscher miniatura, hembra de cinco meses de edad. El animal presentó apatía, anorexia, queratoconjuntivitis seca, hipertermia, desidratación y una extensa y dolorosa dermatitis ulcerativa desde la región cervical hasta la región del espinazo. Se verifi có que el animal había sido medicado con la asociación de trimetoprin y sulfadiazina. La dosis utilizada del antibiótico era mayor que la dosis recomendada. Dentre las alteraciones laboratoriales encontradas se observó necrosis en todo el espesor de la epiderme y derme. A pesar de la terapia preconizada hubo una rápida deterioración de la condición general del animal progresando para óbito. Para optarse por terapia antibiótica con más seguridad, se debe considerar relatos previos de reacciones a fármacos asociados en algunas razas y además, estar atentos a las dosis terapéuticas y al pesaje correcta del animal.

Preparation of Collagen Modified Hyaluronan Microparticles as Antibiotics Carrier

Hyaluronan (HA), a natural glycoaminoglycan featuring an extracellular matrix, has been suggested as an effective biocompatible material. In this study, the effectiveness of HA microparticles as a carrier system for antibiotics was evaluated, and their physicochemical characteristics were determined. Microparticles were fabricated by the gelation of sulfadiazine (SD) loaded HA solution with calcium chloride through either a granulation (GR-microparticles) or encapsulation (EN-microparticles) process, and atelocollagen was incorporated into the microparticles as an additive in order to improve their physical properties. The characteristics of the microparticles were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and swelling test. In vitro release experiments were performed for 7 days and the released amount of SD was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Microscopic observations revealed that the collagen incorporated HA particles had a more compact surface than the HA particles. DSC analysis determined a loss of SD crystallinity in the particles. Calcium chloride retarded the swelling of particles, whereas the loaded drug contents did not affect this property. Both GR-and EN-microparticles sustained SD release with initial bursting effect. SD release from EN-microparticles was faster than from GR- microparticles. In addition, the release rate was dependent on the SD content in the microparticles. These results suggest that collagen modified HA microparticles have a potential as a release rate controlling material for crystalline drugs such as SD.

A combination of sulphadiazine, trimethoprim and metronidazole or tinidazole in kala-azar.

Nine patients of kala-azar showed good response to treatment with a combination of sulphadiazine, trimethoprim and metronidazole or tinidazole given orally for 12 to 25 weeks. No untoward side effect was noticed. Tinidazole sulphadiazine and trimethoprim combination was found to be safer for treatment of kala-azar in pregnant women.

Antitumor effects of rhodium (II) complexes on mice bearing Ehrlich tumors

Rhodium (II) trifluoracetate (TFARh), rhodium (II) trifluoracetate adduct with sulfadiazine (TFARh.Sd) and rhodium (II) acetate adduct with sulfisoxazole (RhSx) were tested in mice for acute toxicity, antitumoral activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma and for viability of Ehrlich tumor cells in culture. At ip doses up to 60 µmg/kg (40-70 and 59 mg/kg, respectively), these coumpounds had no toxic effects up to 14 days. At ip doses of 10 µmol Kg-1 day-1 for 5 days, TFARh and TFARh.Sd significantly increased the survival rate of mice bearing Ehrlich ascites cells (probability of survival to the end of 34th day, controls = 0.23, TFARh = 0.85, TFARh.Sd = 0.74). No significant effect was observed for RhSx. In vitro, these rhodium complexes at 40 µM significantly increased the number of dead cells in cultured Ehrlich tumor cells

Tratamento de toxoplasmose cerebral / Treatment of cerebral toxoplasmosis

Foi revista a literatura sobre a terapêutica da toxoplasmose cerebral. Abordou-se a terapêutica do paciente imunocompetente que adquiriu a infecçäo; do paciente imunodeficiente e, especificamente, daquele portador da síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida que tem como uma da doenças oportunísticas mais freqüentes a toxoplasmose cerebral; e da gestante e do feto que tenham adquirido a infecçäo aguda. A literatura indica como terapia de primeira escolha o emprego da combinaçäo da pirimetamina com a sulfadiazina. Novos medicamentos, ainda em experimentaçäo, e esquemas alternativos também säo discutidos

Nocardosis sistémica por Nocardia Caviae con signosintomatología preponderantemente hepática / Systemic nocardiosis for Nocardia Caviae with signsymptomatology hepatic

Se presenta un paciente de 52 años de edad, de sexo masculino, que sufrió una nocardiosis sistémica por Nocardia caviae. Clínicamente presentó un cuadro infeccioso general con lesiones pulmonares, pericárdicas, mediastinales y hepáticas, estas últimas fueron las más llamativas en forma de un absceso de 8 cm. de diámetro. Fue exitosamente tratado con cotrimoxazol asociado a amikacina, seguido por un prolongado tratamiento con sulfadiazina por vía oral

Tratamiento y evolución de la toxoplasmosis ganglionar / Treatment and evolution of the lymphadenopatic toxoplasmosis

Se presenta la experiencia clínica y terapéutica en setenta y siete (77) casos de linfadenopatía toxoplasmósica. Se demuestra la independencia entre el tratamiento y la evolución clínica y serológica en pacientes con la forma no febril de la toxoplasmosis ganglionar. Se concluye que el tratamiento específico sólo está indicado en los pacientes febriles

Norfloxacino: estudo comparativo com a associaçäo sulfadiazina-trimetoprim / Norfloxacin: comparative study with the association sulfadiazine-trimethoprim

Foram avaliados 34 pacientes portadores de infecçäo do tratamento urinário näo complicada (cistite ou pielonefrite); idade média 36 anos, 24 mulheres (70,6%) e 10 homens (29,4%). Foram constituídos dois grupos de tratamento: grupo I (10 pacientes) recebeu sulfadiazina/trimetoprim (SDZ/TMP) (410/90mg) duas vezes ao dia, por 10 dias e grupo II (24 pacientes) recebeu norfloxacino (N) 400mg duas vezes ao dia, por sete dias. Avaliaçöes clínicas foram realizadas nos dias zero, três, sete, 14, 24 e 30. Avaliaçöes laboratoriais (urina tipo I com sedimentoscopia e urocultura com antibiograma) foram realizadas no início do tratamento e, nos dias 14 e 24. Os agentes etiológicos mais freqüentes foram E. coli (70,5%) S. faecalis *11,7%), enterobacter sp (5,8%) e outros. Cura bacteriológica foi atingida em 80% dos pacientes do grupo I (SDZ/TMP) e em 96% dos pacientes do grupo II (N). Näo foram observadas reaçöes clínicas adversas durante o estudo. Os autores concluem que o norfloxacino demosntrou ser ótima opçäo para o tratamento de infecçöes urinárias por apresentar amplo espectro, boa atividade antimicrobiana, boa tolerabilidade e comodidade posológica

Estudio in vivo de la resistencia del P. falciparum a la cloroquina en Colombia: descripcion de la resistencia III / In vivo study of the resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine in Colombia: description of type III resistance

En un grupo de 41 pacientes (16 ambulatorios y 25 hospitalizados) con infeccion por P. Falciparum se estudio la sensibilidad a la cloroquina a la dosis de 25 mg/kg, por la prueba estandar prolongada de la OMS y segun un protocolo previamente elaborado. La absorcion de la droga se midio por la prueba de Haskins en la orina . La cuantificacion de los parasitos se hizo diariamente la primera semana y luego tres veces por semana durante las tres semanas siguientes. Los pacientes cloroquino-resistentes recibieron tratamiento triconjugado a base de quinina 20 mg/kg/dia por 10 dias, primetamina 1 mg/kg/dia por 3 dias y sulfadiazina 40 mg/kg/dia por 5 dias. Se encontraron 35 casos cloroquino-resistentes (85%) asi: 22 resistencias I, 10 resistencias II y tres resistencias III. Los pacientes procedian de Uraba, Bajo Cauca, Magdalena Medio, Costa Atlantica y Choco; hubo un caso transfusional. Se presentan los datos de densidad parasitaria, antecedentes malaricos, adquisicion de la enfermedad, profilaxis y tratamientos previos. Se describen los aspectos clinicos de la malaria por P. Falciparum ...